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Silirum® Vaccine

Description

  • Silirum is Australia's only vaccine as an aid in the control of Bovine Johne’s Disease (BJD).
  • It contains inactivated (killed) Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain 316F combined with an oil based adjuvant in a multiple emulsation for the active immunisation of cattle against Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis.

Recommendations for Use

  • Active immunisation of cattle against Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis, as an aid in the control of Bovine Johne’s Disease (BJD or Paratuberculosis).

The Zoetis Advantage 

  • Provides industry with a very effective tool to complement on farm disease management practices relating to BJD and should be considered as a part of a general farm biosecurity plan to minimise the risk of BJD.
  • Now registered in every state of Australia, with the exception of WA.
  • Inactivated (killed) vaccine and will not introduce the disease into the flock.
  • A single 1 mL dose provides lifelong immunity.

Dosage

  • Shake well before use and keep thoroughly mixed during use.
  • For subcutaneous use only.
  • Inject subcutaneously high on the neck just behind the ear.
  • The dose for cattle (3 weeks of age or older) is 1 mL.
  • Further vaccine (booster) doses are not required.
  • Administer with a Sekurus vaccinator only.
  • Ensure that this vaccine does not enter your body (self- injection, needle scratch, etc.).
  • As Silirum is a reactive substance, we recommend that you use a safely vaccinator that has a protective shroud.
  • Unused vaccine may be stored and used for up to 30 days after first opening when stored in the original cardboard carton and place in the refrigerator (do not freeze). On each subsequent reuse, swab the opening with a suitable disinfectant (for example methylated spirits) both before and after using. See the label for further information on resealing. When not in use during any given vaccination session, keep the vaccine out of sunlight and as cool as possible. Do not leave exposed to light or at high temperatures for long. Ideally place the vaccine pack into its original cardboard carton and place in either a portable cooler with an ice brick or in a refrigerator. Contents should be left in outer package until immediately before use.

Storage

Store at 2°C to 8°C (Refrigerate. Do not freeze). Protect from light.

Additional Information

This product can only be supplied on the authority of the State Chief Veterinary Officer or Chief Inspector of Stock or Director General of NSW Agriculture to approved people or their approved veterinarian, except in Victoria where the Chief Veterinary Officer grants a general approval for the use of Silirum vaccine. This vaccine is not registered for use in Western Australia. While vaccine should be used in herds where a diagnosis of BJD has been confirmed, consideration should also be given to vaccination of herds at risk of infection or for animals introduced into an infected herd. Consult your local veterinarian for the most effective control program in these circumstances.

Withholding Period: Nil.

Schedule: Nil.

Caution: Avoid Carcass damage.

Sterilise all injection apparatus by boiling in water for 10 minutes (or equivalent) before use.
Avoid use of strong disinfectants on apparatus.
Maintain cleanliness at all times during vaccination. Great care must be taken to avoid contamination of the vaccine, needle and internal parts of the syringe by contact with unsterile surfaces or unwashed hands.
Keep needles sharp and clean. Replace frequently.
Use the shortest possible needle, certainly not exceeding 15 mm.
Avoid injection of animals during wet weather or under dusty conditions.
This product must be injected ONLY under the skin.

Registered Label Warnings

Restraints

DO NOT vaccinate cattle intended for live export to countries requiring tuberculosis testing.

Cattle administered with this killed vaccine are likely to test positive for tuberculosis (caudal fold test) due to cross reactivity between the vaccine and the test.

DO NOT vaccinate cattle intended for live export to countries requiring JD negative antibody testing and/or certified JD-freedom property status.

Cattle administered with this killed vaccine may test positive when screened for Johne’s Disease (JD-ELISA – blood antibody test) due to immunity developed to the vaccine.

All animals vaccinated with Silirum vaccine must be positively identified as Silirum vaccinated animals by a unique identifier. The preferred option for identification is the use of separate permanent ear tag (e.g,. NLIS style button) indicating JD vaccination status. In Victoria it is a legal requirement that cattle vaccinated with Silirum are permanently identified with a three hole ear punch.

Contraindications

Studies on the effects of vaccination on reproduction in male cattle have not been conducted.

Precautions

Use of the vaccine must be considered in the context of other industry or government sponsored BJD management programs (e.g., CattleMAP). If you are currently managing cattle under one of these programs please consult your veterinarian, District Veterinary Officer or relevant industry representative prior to initiating a vaccination program in your herd.

Use of the vaccine may have potential effects on the cattle enterprise such as trading ability, CattleMAP status, false positive results to bTB and BJD testing etc.

Vaccinated cattle must be excluded from export markets that are sensitive to bovine Johne’s disease or bovine tuberculosis unless there is an agreement on the eligibility for export of vaccinated animals with the importing country, Seek professional advice if you require further guidance.

Interaction

No information is available on the safety and efficacy of the concurrent use of this vaccine with any other products.

Side Effects

Vaccinated animals may experience an increase in body temperature for the first three days following vaccination. It is often normal for an injection site reaction to appear 7- 15 days post vaccination, which in a small proportion of animals may become greater than 5 cm in diameter. At 3 months post vaccination most swellings have decreased in size, and continue to decrease over time, although a vaccination site nodule may persist for a prolonged period. When this vaccine is administered to animals already infected with, or sensitised to, M. paratuberculosis, a more intense local reaction (secondary immune response) may be observed.

User Safety Information

Ensure that the vaccine does not enter your body through contact with the needle (self-injection, needle scratch etc.) or entry through an open wound. Be especially careful that it does not enter your body through contact with eyes, mouth and skin, because the vaccine is an irritant. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after use, especially if the vaccine comes into contact with your skin. If the vaccine gets into the eyes, or mouth, immediately rinse the exposed area thoroughly with tap water and seek medical advice.

Take care to avoid accidental self-injection as this product contains mineral oil and is an irritant. It can cause pain and prolonged swelling (6-24 months) at the injection site and in the draining lymph nodes. Medical or surgical intervention may be required. In rare case it may result in the loss of a finger if injected into a finger joint or tendon sheath. In all instances of accidental selfinjection, contact a doctor as soon as possible, even if only a very small amount is injected, and take the package insert and carton with you.

Allow the wound to bleed freely. Do not squeeze or interfere with the injection site. Clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water. Keep the wound clean and dry. If pain persists after medical examination, seek medical advice again.

First Aid

If poisoning occurs, contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre. Phone Australia 13 11 26. Further information on the treatment of accidental self-injection is available from the Poisons Information Centre 13 11 26 or Zoetis Veterinary Services 1800 814 883.

What is Silirum vaccine used for?

Active immunisation of cattle against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis,
as an aid in the control of Bovine Johne’s disease (BJD or paratuberculosis).

What is contained in Silirum vaccine?

Each dose of Silirum vaccine contains:
• Killed Mycobacterium paratuberculosis organisms (heat inactivated)
• Mineral Oil
• Thiomersal (preservative)
The oil typically forms a depot at the injection site, to act as a potent adjuvant in stimulating a cell-mediated immune response to the mycobacteria. The action of the adjuvant and antigen
combination in this vaccine produces a reaction similar to that elicited by Freund’s complete adjuvant.

Accidental self-injection

Silirum vaccine contains mineral oil. Even when a small amount is accidentally injected into a human, intense swelling and a persistent granulomatous inflammatory reaction can occur. If injected into a finger joint or tendon sheath, the product may track along the tendon. The swelling and inflammation post injection may compromise blood supply and result in necrosis. In rare cases this can lead to the loss of a digit. Given the potential for serious side effects, all persons should seek prompt medical attention. Every case is different and the correct medical advice is a matter for the treating physician.

Some common strategies recommended by healthcare professionals

We are aware of the following treatment strategies being frequently recommended by physicians in the past:
1. In the case of superficial skin exposure, eye exposure and oral ingestion:
• Skin contact: doctors have recommended washing the contaminated area with warm soapy water.
• Eye splash: doctors have recommended that any contact lens be removed, and eyes be rinsed thoroughly with cool water from a running tap or a cup/jug and continue to flush for at least 15 minutes.
• Oral ingestion: doctors have recommended the mouth be rinsed out with cool water.
2. In the case of needle-stick injuries without known injection of vaccine:
• Doctors have recommended that the wound be allowed to bleed freely and that the wound or injection site not be squeezed or otherwise interfered with. Doctors have recommended that the wound then be cleaned thoroughly with warm water and then kept clean and dry.
• Doctors have also considered that, following appropriate immediate local cleansing, corticosteroids may decrease the severity of any local reaction.
• Doctors have frequently determined the patient’s tetanus immunisation status and administered a booster or primary series, as appropriate. 
• Commonly, if there is no pain or swelling 24 hours post exposure, doctors have continued to monitor for at least a month and treat any clinical symptoms accordingly. If pain and swelling is present after 24 hours, doctors have considered that it is a case of accidental injection and have treated the injury as described below.
3. In the case of actual injection of Silirum vaccine:
• Doctors have observed that acute pain and inflammation is usually still evident 24 hours after the suspected injection occurred.
• In cases of self-injection, doctors have considered that prompt surgical attention has been required and, in those case, surgeons have:
– incised the wound to remove the vaccine, especially where there is involvement of finger pulp or tendon;
– in the case of a lesion that has progressed to necrosis or granulomatous ulceration,
surgeons have performed surgical debridement to remove residual vaccine material.
• Surgeons have stated that meticulous technique has been required to stop inadvertent spread of the product during surgery.
Given the nature of this Freund’s like vaccine, Zoetis recommends that any healthcare professional speak with a surgeon who has experience with the treatment of cases of accidental self-injection to ensure the appropriate treatment is advised.

Relevant published information:

If you would like further information, we are happy to provide copies of the following published materials:
1. Richardson GD, Links II, Windsor PA. Gudair (OJD) vaccine self-inoculation: a case for early debridement. MJA, 183, 3, 1 August 2005.
2. Windsor PA, Bush R, Links I and Eppleston G. Injury caused by self-inoculation with a vaccine of a Freund’s complete adjuvant nature (Gudair TM) used for control of ovine paratuberculosis. Aust Vet J, 83:216-220, 2005.
3. Jones DPG: Accidental self-inoculation with oil based veterinary vaccines. NZ Med J, 109: 363-365, 1996.
4. Patterson CJ et al.,: Accidental self-inoculation with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacteria by veterinarians in Wisconsin. JAVMA, 192, 9, 1197-9, 1988.
5. Bjornsson A et al.,: Paratuberculosis of the hand: Case Report. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg, 5: 156- 160, 1971.

Zoetis’ contact details

If presented with a case of accidental self-injection, healthcare professionals are advised to contact Zoetis on 1800 814 883. Zoetis can assist in providing further information.
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